Perhaps you were recently diagnosed with diabetes, and you are wondering what the early warning signs of diabetic foot problems are. Or perhaps you have had diabetes for many years and have recently decided to be more proactive about your diabetic foot health. Or maybe you are having issues with your feet and want to know if they are related to diabetes. In this blog, we will review some of the early warning signs of diabetic foot problems, as well as options for treatment and prevention.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
One of the major early warning signs of diabetic foot problems is called diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Neuropathy is caused by elevated blood sugars damaging the nerves. Neuropathy typically presents as feelings of numbness, tingling, burning, or other unusual sensations in the feet. These symptoms typically start in the toes and can work their way further up the foot if left untreated. If you notice these symptoms then your podiatrist can examine you for neuropathy.
Signs of Decreased Blood Flow
Another early warning sign of diabetic foot problems is signs of decreased blood flow. Diabetes can directly damage the blood vessels in the feet and legs leading to decreased blood flow. Signs of this to look out for are sudden changes in the color of your toes or feet such as turning blue, purple or black. If your feet or legs feel very cold this could also be a sign of decreased blood flow.
Increased Risk of Infection
Diabetes also decreases the body’s ability to fight off infections, so keep an eye out for signs of infection such as increased redness, swelling, drainage or pain.
Dry Skin and Skin Breakdown
Diabetes also damages the nerves that regulate the sweat and oil production in our skin which can lead to very dry skin as well as increase the likelihood of developing cuts or tears of the skin.
Toenail Changes and Fungus
The final warning sign to look out for is toenail changes. Diabetes decreases the immune system which increases the likelihood of developing fungal toenails. Signs of fungal toenails are thickening of the nails, darkening or color changes of the nails as well as brittle nails.
Treatment and Prevention Options
The good news is that all of these signs of diabetic foot problems can be treated and prevented.
Blood Sugar and A1c Control
The best way to prevent diabetic neuropathy from getting worse is to control your blood sugar and A1c levels. Work with your primary care doctor and/or endocrinologist to ensure proper blood sugar control. Proper diet is also essential to maintaining good blood sugar levels.
Neuropathy Treatment Options
There are many treatment options for diabetic peripheral neuropathy once it has developed. There are various medications that treat the symptoms of neuropathy and can decrease uncomfortable feelings of pain, burning and numbness. There are also supplements and vitamins that can help decrease the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Marvel Podiatry also offers laser treatments which can be helpful in treating the symptoms of neuropathy.
Depending on the severity of your diabetic neuropathy, your doctor may talk to you about special diabetic shoes to prevent sores on your feet. When you see your podiatrist they can check you for signs of neuropathy and make treatment recommendations.
Evaluating Blood Flow
Your podiatrist can also examine you for signs of decreased blood flow. If your podiatrist suspects you have decreased blood flow then they may order additional tests and/or refer you to a Vascular Doctor. Staying active such as walking is also an important way to keep the blood flowing and prevent worsening blood flow.
Daily Foot Exams and Infection Prevention
Since diabetes increases the chances of infection, it is important to check your feet daily for signs of infection such as sores, redness, drainage and swelling. See your podiatrist as soon as possible or seek other medical care immediately if you notice these symptoms. If you struggle to easily see your feet then you can use a mirror or ask a friend or family member to assist you. Daily foot exams are recommended for diabetic patients.
Managing Dry Skin
To prevent dry skin related to diabetes, the use of a daily moisturizer is recommended. Your podiatrist can make recommendations for various brands of moisturizers. Marvel Podiatry also offers some foot soak options which can be helpful for treating dry skin.
Treating Toenail Fungus
Diabetes can increase your chances of developing toenail fungus. If you notice thickening or discoloration of your nails then your podiatrist can evaluate you for toenail fungus. There are a variety of treatment options available for fungal toenails including oral and topical medications. Certain laser treatment options can also be effective for treating toenail fungus.
The Importance of Regular Podiatry Visits
The good news is that with proper screening and treatment, many of the symptoms of diabetes in the lower extremity are very manageable. It is important to see your podiatrist regularly for evaluation and treatment of complications caused by diabetes.
When you see your podiatrist they will conduct a diabetic foot exam and recommend how often you are seen based on your risk level. It is recommended that higher risk patients, such as those with more advanced neuropathy, see their podiatrist more often. With regular visits to your podiatrist as well as at-home foot exams, many of the lower extremity problems related to diabetes can be prevented and treated.
